Investigation of the effect of large-scale shell asymmetry on Iskra-5 target operation

Experiments designed to investigate the effect of a controlled large-scale asymmetry of a shell containing deuterium-tritium fuel on the shell compression and neutron production under indirect (x-ray) action are performed on the Iskra-5 laser fusion device. The uniformity of the x radiation near the target is not worse than 3%, and the shell asymmetry is varied from 30 to 100%. The observed decrease of the experimental neutron yield as compared with experiments using symmetric targets is in satisfactory agreement with two-dimensional calculations. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 67, No. 3, 161–165 (10 February 1998)     

Generation of the line radiation of argon added to DT gas in Iskra-5 experiments

The first experiments measuring the density of a compressed deuterium and tritium mixture in microtargets of indirect irradiation (x-ray targets) were performed at the Iskra-5 facility. The density was determined according to the broadening of the lines of hydrogen-and helium-like argon added to the DT gas as a diagnostics material. A series of three experiments was performed with x-ray targets in which the central capsule filled with a DT + Ar mixture over a range of shell thicknesses. In two of the experiments, argon emission spectra were recorded and the density of the compressed gas was determined. For a microtarget approximately 280 μm in diameter with a wall approximately 7 μm thick, an analysis of the experimental results yielded an estimated density in the compressed gas of ∼1 g/cm³. Gas-dynamic calculations using the SNDA (spectral nonequilibrium diffusion with absorption) program show that argon emission takes place just after reaching maximum temperature, but much sooner than maximum compression. The results of a calculation for an experiment with low relative Ar concentration are in overall agreement with the experimental data. Additional investigations are needed to interpret experiments at a relatively high concentration. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 837–848 (September 1998)     

Fundamental groupoids of digraphs and graphs

We introduce the notion of fundamental groupoid of a digraph and prove its basic properties. In particular, we obtain a product theorem and an analogue of the Van Kampen theorem. Considering the category of (undirected) graphs as the full subcategory of digraphs, we transfer the results to the category of graphs. As a corollary we obtain the corresponding results for the fundamental groups of digraphs and graphs. We give an application to graph coloring.     

The theory of inverse problems in the linear mechanics of a deformable solid

Different approaches to solving inverse problems on the determination of the variable coefficients of differential operators, describing deformation in linear rigid-body mechanics, are considered. Methods of constructing the operator equations in inverse problems based on a weak formulation are presented, and methods of forming iterational processes are proposed.     

跳跃-扩散模型资产定价公式的数值计算方法

假定资产价格变化过程服从跳跃-扩散过程,那么基于它的欧式期权就满足一个偏积分-微分方程（PIDE）,本文利用差分法来离散这个PIDE方程,用两种迭代方法得到方程的数值解：基于雅可比正则分裂法和预条件共轭梯度法.     

Facile Formation of Eight‐membered Rings of Indoloazocine Framework via Intramolecular Oxidative Heck Cyclization

A facile method has been developed for the synthesis of indoloazocine framework. Through an oxidative Heck intramolecular cyclization of acrylated tryptamide derivatives, a series of azocino[5,4‐b] indolone derivatives were synthesized.     

HgCdTe薄膜的输运特性及其应力调控

窄禁带直接带隙半导体材料碲镉汞(Hg1–xCdxTe)是一种在红外探测与自旋轨道耦合效应基础研究方面都具有重要应用意义的材料.本文对单晶生长的体材料Hg0.851Cd0.149Te进行阳极氧化以形成表面反型层,将样品粘贴在压电陶瓷上减薄后进行磁输运测试,在压电陶瓷未加电压时观察到了明显的SdH振荡效应.对填充因子与磁场倒数进行线性拟合,获得样品反型层二维电子气的载流子浓度为ns=1.25×10^16m^-2.在不同磁场下,利用压电陶瓷对样品进行应力调控,观测到具有不同特征的现象,分析应是样品中存在二维电子气与体材料两个导电通道.零磁场下体材料主导的电阻的变化应来源于应力导致的带隙的改变;而高场下产生类振荡现象的原因应为应力导致的二维电子气能级的分裂.     

Target cell extraction coupled with LC‐MS/MS analysis for screening potential bioactive components in Ginkgo biloba extract with preventive effect against diabetic nephropathy

A rapid and useful approach for screening potential bioactive components in Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) with preventive effect against diabetic nephropathy (DN) was developed using mesangial cells extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis. Mesangial cells were first divided into two groups according to their treatments with high glucose or high glucose plus GBE. After incubation for 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48 h, the cells were harvested and extracted with 40% acetic acid in water before LC‐MS/MS analysis. Then, 19 compounds and five metabolites were found to selectively combine with mesangial cells. Notably, compounds including quercetin and rutin were identified or tentatively characterized according to the results of retention time and MS spectra, which is highly consistent with our previous reports that quercetin and rutin are potent protective agents against glomerulosclerosis in DN. Therefore, all these results indicate that target cell extraction coupled with LC‐MS/MS analysis can be successfully applied for predicting the bioactive components in GBE with preventive effect against DN. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Homology of Digraphs

Mathematical Notes - A theory of singular cubic homology of digraphs is developed; the obtained homology groups are proved to be functorial and homotopy invariant. Commutative diagrams of exact...